冬小麦农田水分循环规律及节水调控机理

Study on the Field Water Cycle and the Water-Saving Mechanisms of Winter Wheat

根据农田土壤水分定位观测数据、作物和气象资料,运用农田水量平衡原理研究了冬小麦农田水分循环规律及其节水调控机理。结果表明,在本试验条件下冬小麦生育期间需水量远小于降雨量,必须通过灌溉才能获得较好产量;在冬小麦需水量为586～661mm,生育期内降水量为33～89mm 的条件下,需灌溉210～240mm,不但可以充分利用降雨,而且可以充分利用土壤水分,有利于冬小麦的生长发育和产量形成,水分利用效率达1.50～1.71kg·m^(-3)。

Based on the observed soil moisture,crop information and meteorological data, the principle of field water balance is used in studying the field water cycle regularity and the water-saving mechanisms of winter wheat.The results show that,irrigation is neces- sary to gain high yield because crop water requirement is lower than the natural rainfall of winter wheat period under the experiemental condition;Under the condition of crop water requirement of 586～661 mm and natural rainfall of 33～89 mm during wheat growth,irri- gating 210～240 mm water should be recommended.With such measure,winter wheat can use adequetly rainfall and soil water,and at the same time improve crop growth and devel- opment and even yield.It is important that it can also raise the field water use efficiency of winter wheat,which is 1.50～1.71 kg·m^(-3).