地表裂缝对沙柳根际微生物和酶活性的影响

Effects of surface cracks caused by coal mining on microorganisms and enzyme activities in rhizosphere of Salix psammophila

以裂缝未经过的沙柳为对照,通过测定0~10,10~20,20~40 cm土样,利用统计分析方法研究了神东矿区补连塔煤矿有裂缝经过的沙柳根际微生物数量和酶活性的时空演变特征。结果表明:地表裂缝降低了沙柳根际细菌、真菌和放线菌的数量,提高了蔗糖酶、磷酸酶和脲酶的活性,改变了微生物、土壤酶以及微生物与土壤酶之间的内在联系。经过1 a多时间,沙柳根际真菌数量、磷酸酶活性和深层蔗糖酶活性受地表裂缝的影响有所减弱,而细菌数量、放线菌数量、脲酶活性和表层蔗糖酶活性受地表裂缝的影响未见明显减弱,沙柳根际细菌和真菌数量受地表裂缝影响的下降幅度、蔗糖酶活性和磷酸酶活性受地表裂缝影响的上升幅度的垂直分布格局发生了改变。可以得出:地表裂缝对沙柳根际的生物活性造成了一定的影响,沙柳根际的生物活性具有一定的自修复能力,但其完全恢复尚需较长时间。

For contrast with those Salix psammophilas not passed through by cracks,through measuring soil samples in0-10,10-20 and 20-40 cm soil layers,and using statistical analytical method,the distribution characteristics of soil microorganisms and soil enzyme activities in rhizosphere of Salix psammophila passed through by cracks caused by underground coal mining in Shendong mining area,Bulianta coal mine were analyzed. The results show that surface cracks can reduce the number of soil bacteria,actinomyces and fungi,improve the activity of soil sucrose,phosphatase and urease,and chang the inner relations between different microorganisms,different soil enzyme,and microorganisms and soil enzymes in rhizosphere of Salix psammophila. After more than a year,the effects of surface cracks on fungi quantity,phosphatase activity and sucrase activity in deep soil are weakened,while the effects of surface cracks on the number of bacteria and actinomyces,urease activity and sucrase activity in surface soil are unabated. The vertical distribution characteristics of the degree declined of the number of bacteria and fungi and the degree increased of the activity of sucrase and phosphatase are changed. It can be concluded that surface crack has certain influence on the biological activity,and the biological activity has certain self-repair ability,but the complete recovery of biological activity may take a longer time in rhizosphere of Salix psammophila.