播期、收获期对玉米物质生产及光能利用的调控效应

Effects of Planting and Harvest Date on Matter Production of Summer Maize and Its Utilization of Solar and Heat Resource

采用均匀试验设计,研究了6个播期(6月10日、6月12日、6月14日、6月16日、6月18日、6月20日)配合6个收获期(10月4日、9月28日、10月10日、9月25日、10月7日、10月1日)对郑单958和浚单20物质生产、光能利用及产量性状的影响,以期通过播期、收获期调控,实现高产与高光利用率,同时得到早播及延迟收获对玉米产量影响的量化指标。结果表明:迟播可明显缩短13叶展至吐丝期生长时间,平均播期每推迟1 d,播种至吐丝期的时间平均缩短0.4 d;13叶展和吐丝期叶面积指数(LAI)与播期关系密切,而成熟期叶面积指数与生育期长短关系密切,推迟播期和收获期均可明显降低叶面积指数;较迟播,早播(前3个播期)具有前期物质生产量高、后期转化率高的特点;光能利用率(RUE)与生育期长短关系密切,为生育期较长处理光能利用率较高;郑单958具有较高光能转化效率;播期与收获期对玉米产量影响均很显著,播期的影响大于收获期,早播期+晚收获期处理(第1,3播期)穗粒数、千粒质量和产量显著较高;夏玉米每提早播种1 d,产量平均增加196.5 kg/hm2,每推迟收获1 d,平均增产97.5kg/hm2。迟播使吐丝前光能利用减少,影响前期的物质生产,即使生育期适当延长,仍不能弥补前期生长不足造成的产量损失;获得较高产量的播期、收获期与品种的最佳组合为6月10-14日播种10月4-7日收获的郑单958。

We conducted an experiment with six planting date (06-10,06-12,06-14,06-16,06-18,06-20)com-bining six harvest date(10-04,09-28,10-10,09-25,10-07,10-01)of cultivar(Zhengdan 958 and Xundan 20 respec-tively) in the field having medium soil fertility ,and studied the effect of different planting and harvest date on matter production ,radiation utilization efficiency ( RUE) and yield.The objective to achieve high yield and high RUE at the same time,and obtain the quantitative value of yield when early sowing and delayed harvest for different cultivars . The main results showed that the growth period of 13 leaves to silking stage was obvious shortened when the planting date put off ,and the growth period from sowing to silking could be shortened by 0 .4 day when the planting date was delayed for one day .LAI was influenced mainly by sowing date in thirteenth leaf to silking ,and by length of growth period in maturity .Along with the delayed sowing and harvest date , the LAI had decreased significantly at silking and maturity stage .Along with the delayed sowing date ,the dry matter amount and transformation rate of leaf ,stem and sheath decreased significantly .Compared with late planting , matter amount and matter translocation rate were higher for early planting treatments ( The first three sowing date ) .RUE was influenced mainly by length of growth period,and which was higher for longer growth period treatments .For Zhengdan 958,RUE was higher than Xundan 20 .Planting and harvest date can strongly affect grain yields , especially planting date .Grain number per spike , 1000-grain weight and yield were significantly higher for early sowing +late harvest treatments ( The first and the third sowing date).Every early sowing for 1 days or delayed harvest 1 day,the average yield increased 196.5 kg/ha or decreased 97.5 kg/ha.Compared to early sowing ,late sowing has the disadvantages that the RUE and dry matter production are significantly less before silking stage .Even if growth period prolonged ,it still can not make up the yield loss caused by the less matter production in early growth stage .For achieved high yield ,the optimum combina-tion was 06-10-06-14 sowing and 10-04-10-07 harvest .