基于2013版新规则男子自由体操成套动作难度选择与编排研究

Research on the Selection and Arrangement of Difficult Movements Floor Exercise Routine Based on the 2013 Version of FIG New Rules

运用文献资料、录像观察等方法,对伦敦奥运周期优秀运动员自由体操决赛成套动作的动作组别、难度选择和连接加分等进行统计分析。研究表明:自由体操成套动作的难度选择系列包括"前直540°"、"前直720°"、"后直900°"、"后直1080°"和"后跳180°接前团两周"等为主干难度动作;"马纳2秒-起倒立2秒"、"前直900°"、"前屈两周"、"后团720°旋"和"直体托马斯"等为优势难度动作;"前直两周"、"后直1440°"、"后团1080°旋"等为精品难度动作。难度连接主要以"C+D或D+C"为主流的"回笼"串,向前空翻转体与向后空翻转体的难度动作的连接占主导。成套动作的编排结构主要以"向后的技巧优势模式"、"向前的技巧优势模式"为主流编排,而"混合模式"模式具有一定发展空间。

Depending on the research methods of literature review and videotape observation, the paper conducts statistics and analyzes the action types, difficult movements, connection -string, arrangement characteristics of the world elite gymnasts’ floor exercise routine in London Olympics. The research results show that the selection series of difficult movements in floor exercise include:salto fwd. str. with 3/2 t. , salto fwd. str. with 2/1 t. , salto bwd. str. with 5/2 t. , salto bwd. str. with 3/1 t. Bwd jump with 1/2t. t and dbl. salto fwd. t. are the backbone of difficult movements. The dominant difficulty action include salto fwd. str. with 5/2 t. , double salto fwd. piked, double salto bwd. tucked with 2/1t. and Thomas stretched. The quality difficult movements include double salto fwd. stretched, salto bwd. str. with 4/1 t. and double salto bwd. tucked with 3/1t. The"return" string of"C+D or D+C" is the mainstream of the difficult connection, and the direct connection between salto forward twist and salto backward twist is the dominant connection;the acrobatic elements backwards superiority pattern and the acrobatic elements forward superiority pattern are the main-stream arrangement patterns while the "mixed mode" still has some room for development.