一个革命者的忠诚危机及其“化解”——重读王蒙的《布礼》

A Revolutionist's Loyalty Crisis and Its Dissolution:A Re-Reading of Wang Meng's Bu Li

《布礼》是一部表现革命者钟亦成忠诚危机的小说。忠诚危机的可怕之处在于:作为革命者的钟亦成不是一个独立的存在,他是依附于革命的。革命者的身份、对党的忠诚,是钟亦成之所以是钟亦成的唯一根据,与革命的血肉关系是钟亦成生活的唯一意义,是他之所以成为"人"的全部保证。钟亦成只能是革命者,否则就什么都不是。为了克服这种危机,钟亦成反复回忆自己的革命经历,尤其是亲自参加的解放初期的第一次党员大会,以便重新确认自己和革命的同源关系。在农村接受改造时又重建起与劳动、劳动人民的血肉联系,"人民"的支持和信任又成为钟亦成坚持忠诚的另一个支点。而本文力图表明的是:这与其说是忠诚危机的真正解决,不如说是危机的转移或疑似"解决"。

Wang Meng's novel Bu Li ("Bolshevistic Salute") is about the loyalty crisis of the protagonist Zhong Yicheng,a Chinese revolutionist. The terror of the loyalty crisis lies in that Zhong can never be an independent being but is totally attached to revolution itself. The faith of a revolutionist and the loyalty to Chinese Communist Party serve as the foundation of Zhong's identity,and his relation with revolution becomes the sole reason and meaning for his life as well as the guarantee for him to be a"human. "The only thing he can be is a revolutionist and a son of the Party,otherwise he is nothing. When he is faced with his loyalty crisis,Zhong resorts to the repeated recollection of his revolutionary experience,especially his participation of the first plenary session of the Party during the founding of New China,to reconfirm his cognate relation with revolution. He rebuilds his connection with the laboring people and the labor when he accepts reformation in the countryside,where the people's support and trust constitute another pivot for his loyalty. This paper tries to argue that his loyalty crisis has never been actually resolved but rather transplaced and the seeming resolution is by far the final.