农民工社会网络关系对其新创企业竞争优势的影响——基于网络资源观的结构方程模型分析

Social network effect of migrant workers on the competitive advantage of start-ups—— A structural equation model analysis based on the view of network resource

农民工创业群体逐渐壮大,但是农民工新创企业缺乏竞争优势,导致其创业绩效和创业质量受到很大制约。企业的竞争优势主要来自于企业内部的异质性资源,然而农民工创业者在创业之初往往受限于内部资源不足,社会关系成为新企业获取异质性资源的重要途径。为此,基于网络资源观,构建"网络关系—异质性资源—竞争优势"的分析框架,在对安徽、江西和江苏三省创业农民工进行实地调研的基础上,实证分析农民工创业者的"情感型"关系与"工具型"关系对其新创企业竞争优势的影响机理,以及相互间的匹配关系。研究发现:情感型关系能促进异质性人力资源和财务资源的获取;工具型关系能促进异质性人力资源、技术资源与市场资源的获取;财务资源、技术资源以及市场资源与企业竞争优势显著正相关。

Entrepreneurship group of migrant workers expands gradually, but their new ventures lack of competitive advantage which restricts their entrepreneurial performance and entrepreneurial quality. Enterprises’ competitive advantages mainly depend on their internal heterogeneous resources, but the lack of internal resources is often faced in the early stages of migrant worker entrepreneurship, and relations of social network become an important way for them to obtain the heterogeneous resources. This paper made an analysis framework of“network relationship, heterogeneous resources and competitive advantage” based on the view of network resource, used the survey data of migrant worker entrepreneurs to analyze the impact mechanism of migrant worker entrepreneur’s“emotional” relationship and“instrumental” relationship on competitive advantage of new ventures. Research results show that the“emotional” relationship plays a positive role in acquisition of heterogeneous human resources and financial resources;“instrumental relationship” plays a positive role in acquisition of heterogeneous human resources, technical resources and market resources; heterogeneous financial resources, technology resources and market resources have significant positive effect on competitive advantage of migrant worker entrepreneur’s new venture.