中国制造业节能潜力的区域及行业差异

Study on the regional differences and industry differences of energy-saving potentiality in China's manufacturing industry

过度依赖资源和能源消耗的发展特征使中国制造业具有较大节能空间。通过计算中国各区域、各省市制造业及其分行业的能源强度和节能潜力,分析了制造业节能潜力的区域差异和行业差异。研究结果显示:1东中西部地区制造业的能源强度存在明显差异,且东部地区远低于中西部地区,但近几年区域间能源强度差距在逐步缩小,同时各区域内部不同省市间能源强度差距也在不断拉近。2高于全国平均节能潜力水平的省份有17个,且主要集中在中西部地区,这些省市的平均节能潜力都在70%以上,说明中国大部分地区制造业节能空间很大。3高节能潜力的行业主要集中在对能源利用效率要求较高、产业前后向关联效应较强的行业。4虽然各省市制造业分行业节能潜力存在较大的区域差异,但石油加工及炼焦业、电子及通信设备制造业、专用设备制造业和化学纤维制造业的节能潜力在各地区排名都很靠前。5在制定节能政策和措施时,不但要根据各地区资源、能源禀赋及经济发展水平的不同而差别化对待;还要充分考虑行业间的差异。

The developmental characteristics of excessive dependence on resources and energy consumption make China's manufacturing industry have great energy-saving potentiality and space. Through calculating the energy intensity and energy-saving potentiality of manufacturing industry in various provinces and cities in China, this paper analyses the regional differences and industrial differences of the energy-saving potentiality of manufacturing. The result shows that:(1) There exist obvious differences of manufacturing energy intensity in eastern,central and western China, and the manufacturing energy intensity of the eastern region is much lower than that of the central and western regions. But regional energy intensity gaps have been gradually narrowing in recent years, at the same time, the gaps between different provinces and cities in an inland region have also been narrowed.(2) There are 17 provinces' energy-saving potentialities higher than the national average energy-saving potentiality, and mainly concentrated in central and western China, in these regions, the average energy-saving potentiality of each province is over 70%, which shows that the manufacturing energy-saving space is very large in most parts of China.(3) Most industries with high energy-saving potentiality have higher requirements for energy utilization efficiency and stronger industrial forward and backward linkage effects.(4) Although there is large difference in the energy-saving potentiality of sub-industries of manufacturing in different provinces and cities, the rankings of the energy-saving potentiality of petroleum processing and coking industry, electronic and communication equipment manufacturing industry, special equipment manufacturing industry and chemical fiber manufacturing industry in various regions are all in front.(5) When making energysaving policies and measures, the government should not only take concrete measures according to the differences of resources, energy endowment and economic development level of various provinces and cities, but also take full account of the differences between industries.