我国城市土壤铅与儿童血铅空间分布格局

Spatial Distribution Pattern of Lead in Urban Soil and in Children's Blood, China

铅是环境中一种分布广泛且毒性较大的重金属,对儿童智能发育及其行为表现都有严重影响。通过收集全国35个城市11365个土壤样品重金属铅和50038调查儿童血铅含量数据,利用SPSS、Arc Gis和污染评价模型对数据进行了处理与分析。研究结果表明我国城市土壤Pb平均含量为50.82 mg kg-1,城市儿童血铅的平均含量为66.39μg L-1;城市土壤铅与儿童血铅污染空间分异较大,局部地区污染严重,呈现东部相对较高、中部地区较小;南方城市较大,北方城市较小;特大城市与老工业基地城市较大,中小城市较小的空间分布格局。城市土壤铅与儿童血铅空间分布特征与格局具有一定的相似性,通过城市土壤铅与儿童血铅相关性研究表明城市土壤铅仍然是我国城市儿童血铅污染一个不可忽视的重要暴露源与暴露途径。

Lead(Pb), as a toxic heavy metal, widely existed in the environment. It has serious effects on the children's mentality and behavior. The observed data on Pb were collected from 11365 urban soil samples and 50038 children's blood samples in 35 urban cities of China. And then these data were analyzed with SPSS and Arc Gis softwares and pollution assessment model. The results displayed that the concentration of Pb was, on average, 50.82 mg·kg-1 in urban soil and 66.39 μg·L-1 in children's blood in China. The distribution of Pb pollution level showed large spatial difference in urban soil and children's blood, focusing on some regions. The concentration and pollution level of soil Pb were higher in eastern cities than in central cities, and in southern cities than in northern cities, and in bigger cities and industrial bases than in small and medium cities. The spatial distribution of children's blood was similar as that of the urban soil. The correlation of Pb pollution between in urban soil and in the children's blood indicated the Pb pollution of urban soil was a significant exposure approach and source to the Pb pollution of children's blood in China.