“一带一路”战略的科学内涵与科学问题

Scientific understanding of the Belt and Road Initiative of China and related research themes

"一带一路"指"丝绸之路经济带"和"21世纪海上丝绸之路",是中国为推动经济全球化深入发展而提出的国际区域经济合作新模式。其核心目标是促进经济要素有序自由流动、资源高效配置和市场深度融合,推动开展更大范围、更高水平、更深层次的区域合作,共同打造开放、包容、均衡、普惠的区域经济合作架构。"一带一路"框架包含了与以往经济全球化完全不同的理念,即"和平合作、开放包容、互学互鉴、互利共赢",这正是丝绸之路文化内涵的体现。本文分析了"一带一路"战略与经济全球化及世界格局变化的关系;剖析了其空间内涵,认为"一带一路"具有多重空间内涵和跨尺度特征,是统筹中国全面对外开放的国家战略。最后,提出了推进"一带一路"建设为地理学提出的几个重要议题,包括地缘政治、国别地理、对外直接外资理论、交通运输优化组织等。

The Belt and Road Initiative—where the 'Belt' stands for the Silk Road Economic Belt and the 'Road' stands for the 21 st Century Maritime Silk Road—is a call of China for new modes of regional economic cooperation under the trend of development of economic globalization. It targets at promoting orderly and free flow of economic factors, efficient allocation of resources, and deep integration of markets; enabling the countries along the Belt and Road to achieve economic policy coordination and carry out broader, deeper, and more efficient economic cooperation; and jointly building an open, inclusive, and balanced regional economic cooperation architecture. Thus the Belt and Road Initiative is an alternative road to further economic globalization, but contains ideas that are different from the past, that is, the spirit of the Silk Road— 'peace and cooperation, openness and inclusiveness, mutual learning and win-win.' Based on such an understanding, this article first analyzes the general background of the Belt and Road Initiative against economic globalization and the changing configurations of the world, and then discusses the Initiative's spatial connotation by revealing its multi-scalar and transscalar characteristics. The article points out that the Belt and Road Initiative is a national strategy, rather than a regional strategy, to coordinate all-around opening of China to the world and promote further integration of the country into the global economy. Last, the article suggests several research themes in geography that are brought about by the Belt and Road Initiative, including geopolitical studies, geography of countries of the region to explore cooperation opportunities, foreign direct investment theories advanced by the Belt and Road Initiative, and optimization of transcontinental transportation.