山地丘陵区土地利用分布及其与地形因子关系——以河北省怀来县为例

Spatial distribution of land use and its relationship with terrain factors in hilly area

为探究山地丘陵地区不同地形因子对土地利用空间格局的影响,以河北省怀来县为例,研究了各土地利用类型在不同地形上的分布特征。同时,定性和定量分析了土地利用景观格局与地形环境的相关性。研究表明:土地利用景观格局分布存在明显的地形梯度特征,较高地形级别主要分布着林地和草地,其分布指数在较高地形级别占据优势位;而受人类活动干扰影响较大的城乡建设用地、采矿用地、耕地、园地和水域的优势位分布在较低地形级别上。移动窗口法得到的景观格局指数的分布定性显示出土地利用景观格局随地形变化的梯度特征,典范对应分析结果定量显示出典范对应分析排序的前4个轴的累计土地利用景观指数—地形解释变量为96.98%,地形因子第1排序轴与土地利用变化景观格局指数特征第一排序轴的相关系数达到0.671,其土地利用景观格局指数与地形因子存在显著的相关性。由此可见,高程、坡度和地形起伏度这三类地形因子对山地丘陵区的土地利用类型的结构和空间分布起着重要的影响作用。

To understand the influences of terrain factors on the landscape pattern of land use in hilly areas, this paper, taking Huailai county, Hebei province as a case, studied the distribution characteristics of land use types on different terrains. The correlation between landscape pattern of land use and terrain environment was also qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed. The results showed that there was a significant terrain gradient in landscape pattern of land use.High terrain level of the zones was mainly distributed with woodland and grassland, and their distribution index was dominant, whereas, low terrain level was distributed with such types as urban and rural construction land, mining land, cultivated land, garden plot and water areas,which were affected and interfered strongly, and their distribution indexes were dominant. The landscape indices obtained by the moving window method qualitatively indicated a terrain gradient characteristic in landscape pattern, whereas the accumulative value of the first four axes of sort Canonical Correspondence Analysis(CCA) could explain 96.98% of variability.There existed a significant correlation between landscape pattern indices and terrain factors,and the correlation coefficient between terrain factors of the first axe and its indices features of the first axe reached 0.671. Therefore, terrain factors, including elevation, slope and relief strongly influenced the structure and spatial distribution of land use types in hilly areas.