超越合作与制衡:民国时期上海慈善组织与地方政府的互动

The Interaction between Charity Organizations in Shanghai and the Local Government in the Period of the Republic of China

近代以来,各类民间慈善组织在上海社会救济方面长期发挥着实质性作用。在这一过程中,逐渐培育了这些民间慈善组织的自主意识。这种自主性传统随着20世纪初国家力量的式微而日益增强。但1927年国民党政权建立以后,其在社会事务中所表现出来的干预与扩张势头,使得各慈善组织的自主性传统面临前所未有的挑战。在此过程中,民间慈善组织与国家之间的关系不断调整,时而合作,时而冲突。进一步的分析表明,"社会"在与国家互动中究竟是维持对国家权力的制衡,还是寻求在功能上与国家的耦合,相当重要的一个变量是其自身的利益诉求。这说明,社会与国家的关系模式,并非是一个恒定的历史范畴。

Since modern times,civilian charity organizations in Shanghai played a substantial role in social relief and in the process their self consciousness was developed.The self consciousness was strengthened with the decline of the power of the state at the beginning of the 20 th century.When the Kuomintang regime came into power,the self consciousness of civilian charity organizations was challenged by the interference of the government and the relationships between civilian charity organizations and the state were constantly changing from cooperation to conflict and vice versa.The paper proposes that interests play an important role in the relationship between civil charity organizations and the state.