播期、播种量与施肥量对裸燕麦籽粒产量及农艺性状的影响

Effects of sowing date,sowing rate and fertilizer rate on grain yield and agronomic characteristics of Avena sativa

为探明适合成都平原地区裸燕麦(Avena sativa)的高产栽培方案,以燕选1号、坝莜6号和白燕11号为材料,采用两种播期、4种播种量和4种施肥量的4因素-随机区组设计,研究不同品种、播期、播种量和施肥量对裸燕麦主要农艺性状及籽粒产量的影响。结果表明,播期对裸燕麦有效穗数、株高和产量影响显著(P<0.05),早播(B1)时,各主要农艺性状均显著(P<0.05)高于晚播;播种量对株高影响不显著(P>0.05),对燕麦产量影响显著(P<0.05),在播种量为360万株·hm-2(C4)水平下燕麦产量最高;施肥量对有效穗数、株高、生育期和产量影响显著(P<0.05),燕麦有效穗数、株高和产量随着施肥量的增加而增加,但增加幅度逐渐降低。主成分分析结果表明,4个栽培因子对裸燕麦产量及主要农艺性状的贡献率大小顺序为施肥量>播期>品种>播种量。根据各主成分综合得分排名及对比各组合实际产量可以看出,早播组合较晚播组合产量高;播种量在180万株·hm-2(C2)、270万株·hm-2(C3)或者360万株·hm-2(C4)水平时、施肥水平在600 kg·hm-2(D3)或者825 kg·hm-2(D4)时均有较高产量。综合各因素之间的影响可知,成都平原地区种植裸燕麦时,以播期为11月1日,播种量为180万株·hm-2、施肥量为600 kg·hm-2为最佳。

In order to establish the management strategies for high grains yields of naked oat( Avena sativa) in Chengdu Plain,three naked oat cultivars Yanxuan 1,Bayou 6 and Baiyan 11 were used as materials to explore the effects of sowing date,sowing rate and fertilizer rate on the grains yields and agronomic characteristics of naked oat.The results showed the indices including number of productive ear,plant height,growing period and grains yield with the treatment sowing on 1st November( B1) were significantly( P < 0.05) higher than those with the later sowing date treatment.The sowing rate had significant effects( P < 0.05) on oat grains yield but no significant effects on plant height( P > 0.05).Maximum yields occurred intermediate rate of sowing( 3.60 × 106plants·ha- 1).The number of productive ear,plant height and grains yield increased with the increase of fertilizer rate( P < 0.05),but the increase rate slowed down with the increase of fertilizer rate.Principal Components Analysis( PCA) showed that the order of contribution of the four cultivation factors on the naked oat yield and the main agronomic characteristics was fertilizer rate > sowing date > cultivar > sowing rate.Comparing the general score of Principal Components Analysis with the yield of each treatment,the sowing on 1st November was better than sowing on 12 th November in oat grains yield.High sowing rate( 1.80 × 106plant·ha- 1,2.70 × 106plant·ha- 1and 3.60 × 106plant·ha- 1)or high fertilizer rate( 600 and 825 kg ·ha- 1) produced high yield.In general,early sowing( 1st November)with 1.80 × 106plant·ha- 1sowing rate and 600 kg·ha- 1fertilizer rate were the best combination for grain yield of naked oat in Chengdu Plain.