北京城市能源消费的生态与环境压力研究

Energy consumption and the pressure of ecological environment research in Beijing

本文构建了能源消费的生态与环境压力指数评价方法,对北京全市及各主体功能区能源消费的生态与环境压力进行定量评估。评估结果表明,北京市2005-2010年的生态与环境压力指数从32.2上升为33.4,生态与环境压力仍处于不断加大阶段,其中能源消费的生态足迹和PM2.5排放对生态与环境压力指数上升的贡献较大。各主体功能区之间能源消耗的生态环境压力差异较大,生态与环境压力从核心区向外快速递减,2010年首都功能核心区的生态与环境压力指数为3 983.48,分别是城市功能拓展区、城市发展新区以及生态涵养发展区的12、91和1062倍,除生态涵养发展区外,其他三大功能区的生态压力均占生态与环境综合压力的90%以上,生态压力突出。此外,在2005-2010年期间,除生态涵养发展区能耗的生态与环境压力略有降低外。首都功能核心区、城市功能拓展区和城市发展新区能耗的生态与环境压力均呈现增大趋势,分别增大了25%,7%和22%。

This paper constructs an evaluation method for an ecological environmental pressure index of energy consumption,then assesses energy consumption of Beijing and four main functional areas quantitatively. From an energy consumption point of view,Beijing energy consumption has grown since 2005 and the average growth rate is 3.8%. At the same time the energy ecological footprint continued to grow,but the rate of increase is lower than that of energy consumption,and the rate is only 2.9%. This indicates that the city's energy consumption structure continues to undergo optimization,and the consumption quantity of clean energy is increasing.Using the evaluation method mentioned above, we found that the ecological environmental pressure index(EEPI)in Beijing city rose from 32.2 to 33.4 from 2005 to 2010. The ecological environmental pressure EEPI is still rising,and the ecological footprint of energy consumption and PM2.5emissions increases the ecological environmental pressure most. Among the main functional areas,ecological environment pressure caused by energy consumption is different.In 2010,the ecological environment pressure of the core area is the largest,and the EEPI is 1 062,91 and 12 times that of the ecological conservation area, development area and functional expansion area respectively. Ecological environmental pressure of energy consumption from the core area to the periphery declined rapidly,and the characteristics of environmental pollution agglomeration in the center of the city is prominent. During 2005-2010,the ecological environment pressure of energy consumption in the core area,the functional expansion area and the new development area increased 25%,7% and 22% respectively,but the ecological environmental pressure of the ecological conservation area decreased. Overall,urban development in Beijing is still dependent on energy consumption.