氮磷钾用量及配比对黄瓜矿质元素吸收和产量的影响

Effects of application and ratio of nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium on mineral nutrient absorption and yield of cucumber(Cucumis sativus L.)

【目的】研究氮磷钾用量及配比对黄瓜矿质元素吸收和产量的影响,为黄瓜的优化施肥和产量的提高提供理论依据。【方法】春季在拱圆大棚内,以"中农2号"黄瓜品种为试材,采用无机基质栽培方式,研究浇灌氮磷钾用量和配比不同的营养液对黄瓜功能叶片矿质元素含量和黄瓜产量的影响。【结果】钾肥施用量和配比不变的条件下,增加氮磷用量,可使黄瓜叶片中的氮磷含量升高,但钾含量降低;随着钾肥施用量的增多,促进了黄瓜叶片对钾的吸收,抑制了对氮磷的吸收。增加氮的用量和配比可以提高黄瓜叶片中的镁、钙和锌含量,而铁含量呈先升高后降低的趋势;增加磷和钾的用量和配比均抑制了黄瓜叶片对钙、镁与锌的吸收,促进了对铁的吸收;氮、磷对锰的吸收起到了协同增效作用,钾对锰的吸收具有拮抗作用。增加氮磷的用量和配比可显著提高黄瓜的单果质量、单株结果数和单株产量,而增加钾的用量和配比却未表现出明显的增产效应。【结论】为促进黄瓜对矿质元素的吸收和产量的提高,要合理施用氮磷钾肥料,在本试验条件下,氮磷钾用量配比为2∶2∶1.2(N 196 mg/L、P 196 mg/L、K 117.5mg/L)时,黄瓜产量最高。

【Objective】Effects of application and ratio of nitrogen(N),phosphorus(P),and potassium(K)solution on mineral nutrient absorption and yield of cucumber were studied to improve the fertilization and yield.【Method】Nutrient solutions with different ratios of N,P,and K were irrigated to cucumber variety'Zhongnong No.2'planted in arch circle greenhouse in spring and effects on mineral nutrient absorption and yield were analyzed.【Result】With unchanged K application,increasing N and P increased the absorption of N and P while decreased the absorption of K.When increasing K fertilizer,the absorption of K was promoted but the absorption of N and P was reduced.Increasing the amount and ratio of N increased contents of Ca,Mg,and Zn in leaves and Fe content decreased after initial increase.Increasing P and K reduced of the absorption of Ca,Mg and Zn,but increased the absorption of Fe.N and P had synergism in the absorption of Mn,while K antagonized its absorption.Increasing N and P significantly improved fruitweight per plant,number and yield per plant of cucumber,but increasing K did not show significant difference.【Conclusion】The optimal ratio of N,P,and K obtained in this study with the highest yield was 2∶2∶1.2(N 196mg/L,P 196mg/L,and K 117.5mg/L).