从《横渠易说》到《正蒙》——张载哲学本体理论的建构与发展

From Heng Qu Yi Shuo to Zheng Meng ——Construction and Development of Zhang Zai’s Ontology

张载哲学的本体理论有一个建构和发展的过程 ,只有对这一具体历程加以考察 ,才能真实地把握其理论的特质。张载哲学思想的演进经历了前后两个时期 ,分别以《横渠易说》和《正蒙》为代表。其本体理论始于“太虚即气”论的初步探索 ,经历了“太极—太虚 (气 )”论和“太和—太虚 (气 )”论的建构发展阶段 ,形成较为成熟的本体宇宙论形态 ,确立了儒家人文主义天道观。

Zhang Zai’s ontologic theory got established after having gone through a specific process of construction and development of its own. An authentic understanding of the nature of Zhang’s theory is out of the question unless an elaberate investigation is made into this course of progression of his philosophy. In fact, the evolution of Zhang Zai’s philosophic thought went through two stages: the early stage demonstrated by Heng Qu Yi Shuo and the late stage represented by Zheng Meng. His ontology started by initially exploring the view of “The universe being the Qi” and advanced by constructing and developing the view of “the supreme realm——the universe(the Qi)” and the view of “the supreme harmony——the universe(the Qi)”. As a result, his mature system of ontologic cosmism took shape and got established as the cosmic view of Confucian humanism.