20世纪80年代以来中国人口死亡的水平、模式及区域差异

The Levels and Patterns of Mortality and Their Regional Variations in China since the 1980s

文章运用模型生命表方法对中国各省、自治区、直辖市20世纪80年代以来的三次人口普查和两次1％全国人口抽样调查的死亡数据建立了时序关系,有规则地进行了调整和修正,并编制了新的简易生命表。文章系统分析了中国人口死亡在不同时期的水平、变化规律和发展趋势。将年龄结构死亡模式变化对期望寿命变动的影响做了分解,考察了不同年龄组死亡率的变动对期望寿命的贡献率。

The paper builds a time series relationship among data on mortality provided by the latest three censuses and two 1% sample surveys of China since the 1980s and compiles a series of new abridged life tables. The levels, transition patterns and trends of mortality, as well as their regional variations are examined. The components of changes in age- specific mortality on the increase in life expectancy at birth are decomposed. Since the 1980s, (1) crude death rate roughly kept on 6.3 per thousand, lower than that in most developing countries, (2) infant mortality decreased by more than 25 percent, (3) life expectancy at birth increased rapidly, (4) the patterns of mortality by sex/age changed significantly and (5) regional variations of the levels and patterns of mortality were remarkable.