抚仙湖流域磷矿区主要植物群落水土保持效应研究

Study of Soil and Water Conservation Effect of Main Plant Groups at Phosphorite Mining Areas in Watershed of Fuxian Lake

通过对抚仙湖流域磷矿开采区8种主要植物群落类型水土保持效应的研究,探讨了不同植物群落的抗径流和土壤侵蚀的能力以及与土壤抗蚀性之间的关系;筛选出水土保持效应较优的植物群落。研究表明:竹林群落和旱冬瓜林群落的抗径流能力和抗土壤侵蚀能力较强,可作为该地水土保持的先期植物群落。荒草地和矿渣废弃地水土流失严重,土壤抗侵蚀性差,应进行植树造林和加强封育管理。云南松林、华山松林、桉树林、灌木林的土壤抗侵蚀性稍逊于竹林和旱冬瓜林,营造水土保持防护林时可适当考虑。

Through studying the soil and water maintaining effects of eight types plant communities at phosphorite mining areas in the watershed of Fuxian Lake, the resistance and control capability of different plant communities towards run-off and soil erosion were explored. The communities with promising soil and water conservation capability were screened out. The study results showed that the resistance and control capability of bamboo forests and Alnus nepalensis were promising, and could be used at the early communities for the soil and water conservation of these areas. As far as the serious soil and water loss areas such as barren meadow and waste mine residue plot were concerned, owning to the serious soil and water loss and abject ability for resisting erosion, afforestation and closing the mountains to accelerate the natural regeneration of woodlands should be adopted. The soil erosion control capability of the forests of Pinus yunnanensis, Pinus armandii,Eucalyptus and shrub were somewhat lower than that of bamboo forest and Alnus nepalensis.