生物入侵对城市景观生态安全的影响与对策

Effect of Biological Invasion on Ecological Safety of Urban Landscape and Defending Strategy

城市景观具有不稳定性、开放性、破碎性及脆弱性 ,因而面临着较大的外来生物入侵的风险。在城市植物中 ,外来杂草所占比例较大 ;在城市野生动物中 ,外来啮齿类动物和卫生昆虫所占比例大 ;城市养殖、种植业中 ,外来人工引种所占比例大 ,尤其是城市宠物市场中的外来猫、狗。外来入侵物种诱发各种传染性疾病 ,威胁城市居民身体健康 ;降低城市景观的美学价值 ,影响旅游业的发展 ;毁坏城市基础设施 ,引发各种灾害 ,对城市生态安全构成严重的威胁。笔者在分析城市生物入侵敏感区域特点基础上 ,应用景观生态安全格局理论 。

Urban landscape is unstable,open outward,fragmented and fragile,which is apt to the invasion of alien species.Alien grass,rodent beasts and infectious insects constitute high percentage of urban plants and wild animals. In urban breedings and agriculture,many alien species are imported,especially the pets like cats and dogs.Alien invasive species can bring infectious diseases,constituting a huge threat to people’s health.They reduce the aesthetic value of urban landscape and handicap the healthy development of tourism.Besides,they can destroy the urban infrastructure and induce many disasters,threatening urban ecological safety.Based on the analysis of the characteristics of the areas which are fragile to the invasion of alien species,the theory of safety pattern of landscape ecology is applied to make a spatial strategy to defend alien biological invasion.