中国森林生态系统服务功能及其价值评价

Forest ecosystem services and their valuation in China

森林生态系统对维持我国自然生态系统格局、功能和过程具有特殊的生态意义。客观衡量森林生态系统的服务效能,对于森林资源保护及其科学利用具有重要意义。论文在分析森林生态系统服务功能的基础上,根据其提供服务的机制、类型和效用,把森林生态系统的服务功能划分为提供产品、调节功能、文化功能和生命支持功能四大类,建立了由林木产品、林副产品、气候调节、光合固C、涵养水源、土壤保持、净化环境、养分循环、防风固沙、文化多样性、休闲旅游、释放氧气、维持生物多样性13项功能指标构成的森林生态系统评价指标体系,并对其中的10项功能指标以2000年为评价基准年份进行了初步评价。结果表明,森林生态系统10类生态系统服务功能的总生态经济价值为14060.05×108元/a,其中直接价值和间接价值分别为2519.45×108元和11540.60×108元,间接价值是直接价值的4.6倍。研究认为,森林生态系统服务功能及其价值评价工作应进一步加强森林生态系统服务功能机制的基础研究和不同尺度下空间数据的耦合和应用方法研究。

Forest ecosystem plays a special role in maintaining the structure,function and ecologi-cal process of natural ecosystems.At present,a series of ecological problems are becoming more and more serious because of forest damage in some regions.The accurate valuation of forest ecosystem services is very important to the reserve and rational development of forest resources in China.Forest ecosystem services are divided into four groups:provisioning services,regulating services,cultural services,and supporting services in this paper.On the basis of the service mechanism analyses,an index system for the assessment of forest ecosystem services has been established,which consists of 13 service indexes such as timber and other products,weather regulation,C fixation,water storage,erosion control,air quality purifying,nutrients cycle,windbreaks,cultural diversity,recreation and ecotourism,O2 release,and provisioning of habitat.Then,10 services of China forest have been assessed and evaluated by taking the year of 2000 as the base year.Including timber and other products provision,C fixation,water storage,erosion control,air quality purifying,nutrients cycle,recreation and ecotourism,O2 release,and provisioning of habitat.As a result,the economic values of these services are 2 325.14×108,1 626.76×108,2 134.7×108,136.46×108,41.85×108,372.37×108,194.31×108,6732.48×108,and 495.94×108 yuan,respectively.The total value is estimated as 14 060.05×108 yuan with indirect values being 11 540.60×108 yuan,4.6 times that of the direct values.The results show that forest ecosystems provide huge indirect values to human being besides the direct value of goods,and that the indirect values are egually important as the direct values.The focuses of forest ecosystem services and their valuation in the future should be the service mechanism and the coupling and the application of different scales data.