656例交通事故伤的特点与急救护理

The characteristic of traumas by traffic accidents and its emergency nursing

目的了解交通事故伤的特点与救治对策,以提高救护水平。方法采用自行设计调查表对656例交通事故伤患者进行问卷调查登记,分析创伤的特点并采取相应对策进行抢救治疗。结果656例中男多于女,以青壮年居多,双休日发生率高,夜间多于日间,多发性损伤多见。抢救成功613例,占伤者总数93.4%,死亡43例占伤者总数6.6%。结论交通事故伤多为多发伤,病情复杂而严重,要求分析全面,观察仔细,急救技术熟练,动作迅速,保持呼吸道通畅及积极抗休克是最基础和重要的措施。对脑干损伤、血气胸、肝脾破裂的患者行急诊手术止血,是降低死亡率的主要措施。

Objective To understand the features of trauma by traffic accidents and emergency countmeasures to improve the level of emergency rescue so as to improre treatment. Methods A self-designed questionnaire was used to survey the 656 patients suffered from traffic accidents, and the features of trauma were analyzed and the measured were taken to rescue the victims subsequently. Results Among the 656 cases, men were more than women in number, meanwhile the majority were young people; more accidents happened on weekend; more at night than at daytime, and multiple traumas were seen more frequently. Rescues succeeded in 613 cases, taking up 93.4%, and 43 died, taking up 6.6%. Conclusion Most of traumas by traffic accidents take multiple forms, with the features of complication and severity. It is essential to analyze comprehensively, observe carefully, be skillful in rescue techniques, response quickly, keep respiratory tract unobstructed and perform anti-shock actively. Emergency operation on patients with brain stem injury, pneumothoraxemia and hepatosplenoclast to stop hemorrhage is the key measure to lower mortality.