中国农村土地租赁市场的发展及其在土地使用公平性和效率性上的含义

Land Rental Markets as an Alternative to Reallocation?Equity and Efficiency Considerations in the Chinese Land Tenure System

本文对中国西南三省的农村土地租赁市场的现状、发展以及土地租赁市场对公平和效益的影响进行了详细的分析。我们发现，土地租赁市场已经成为农户间土地转移的主要形式。无论从发生的频率上或发生转移的土地面积上看，通过土地租赁市场发生的土地转移远比通过行政性土地再调整发生的土地转移重要。虽然土地租赁市场和土地再分配都会将土地向资源禀赋较少的农户转移，但土地租赁市场更能促进生产力的提高。

This paper studies land leases and their efficiency and equity implications in three poor Chinese provinces.We find that both market and administrative allocation of land redistribute land to those with lower endowments but that land rental markets have a larger productivity-en- hancing effect than administrative reallocation.At the same time,the presence of a large number of producers whose participation in rental markets remains constrained suggests that efforts to re- duce transaction costs in land rental markets would be warranted.