论近代中国行业组织制度功能的转化

On the Transformation of the Institutional Functions of Chinese Business Organizations in Modern Times

随着近代中国行会到同业公会制度变迁历程的完成,行业组织的制度功能也发生了相应的转化,实现了由传统向现代的转换。在组织功能上,行业组织从行会制度下按习惯与习俗运行为主转向同业公会制度下的制度化与规范化运行,社会功能方面实现了由传统的伦理道德取向向资本主义理性功利取向的转变,经济上则完成了由非资本主义向资本主义功能的转化,政治上从传统社会中的“在商言商”向工商社会里的“在商亦言政”过渡。尽管还带有某些传统痕迹,但制度功能的转化,总体上有利于行业组织在政治、经济、社会生活中发挥更大作用。

With Chinese guilds replaced by the communities of the same business in modern times, the institutional functions of business organizations transformed from traditional ones into modern ones. As to the organizational function of business organizations, guilds that were run according to customs transformed into communities of the same business with the institutionalized and standardized operation. In the social function, business organizations were oriented towards capitalist rational utilitarian rather than traditional ethics. In economy they substituted non-capitalist functions for capitalist ones. Politically they were experiencing the transition from the 'Business is business' in traditional society to the 'Business is politics as well as business' in industrial and commercial society. In spite of some traditional vestiges the transformation of the institutional functions generally helps business organizations exert greater functions in political, economic and social life.