土地资源学研究的回顾与前瞻

A Review of Land Resource Research

土地资源学是研究土地资源的形成与演变、分类与分布规律、数量与质量评价,以及土地资源的开发、利用、保护与管理的一门综合性学问。土地资源研究先后经历了20世纪早期的赋税土地评价与土地类型研究阶段、20世纪中期的土地资源调查与土地资源评价阶段和20世纪后期的土地资源承载力研究与可持续土地利用管理3个阶段。直到20世纪90年代,土地资源学才逐渐发展成为资源科学研究的一个独立的学科领域。目前土地资源学的主要研究内容包括土地类型与土地结构、土地资源调查与土地资源评价、土地资源生产力与土地承载力、土地资源利用与土地规划和土地资源管理与立法。随着土地资源基础理论研究的逐步扩展,面向国家目标的应用研究进一步强化和3S技术的广泛应用,土地资源学的研究重点逐步转向土地资源可持续利用、土地利用 土地覆被变化、土地资源承载力、城镇用地和农用地分等定级、土地规划与土地整理和土地资源信息系统建设等应用基础与应用研究领域。

Land resource science is an integrated science which studies types of land resources, characteristics of quality and quantity, distribution with spatial-temporal changes and evolvement regulation, as well as the exploitation, utilization, protection and administration of land resources. The studies on land resources has gone through three stages:the first stage has concentrated on land type study and taxed land estimate in the early 20th century, the second stage has focused on investigation and evaluation of land resources in the middle of 20th century, the third stage has converted to land carrying capacity, land resources sustainable utilization and management in the late 20th century. From land type to land use, from land use to land resource evaluation, from land evaluation to land resource carrying capacity, from land carrying capacity to land use planning, from land planning to land resource management, land resource science have gradually grown into an independent discipline in the field of resource science until 1990s. Now, research fields of land resource science concentrate on land type and land construct, land resource investigation and land resource evaluation, land resource production and land resource carrying capacity, land resource utilization and land planning, land resource management and legislations. With the gradual extension of basic academic researches of land resource, the strengthen of national-goal-oriented applied researches and the extensive application of remote sensing, geographical information system and global position system technologies, land resource science gradually puts its research emphases on land resource sustainable utilization, land use/land cover changes, land resource carrying capacity, land gradation and classification on farmland and urban land, land planning and neaten of land resources, construction of land resource information systems, etc. basic applied and applied research fields.