输变电设备作业射频辐射及其对工人心电图影响的调查

Radio-frequency radiation in power transmission and transformation operations:Its features and health impacts on ECG in exposed operators

目的 调查我市高压电作业场所输变电设备所产生的射频辐射强度及其对作业人员健康的影响。方法 通过对工频高压电作业场所作业人员476名、间接接触组198名和对照组178名的临床检查和心电图检查,结合现场检测电磁场和微波辐射强度资料加以分析。结果高压电作业环境中,部分监测点工频电场强度超过国家的职业限值;微波辐射强度在国家职业限值以下。作业工人长期接触工频电场强度可引起心电图异常率增高。结论 工频电场低强度对作业人员心脏功能可产生有害影响,应对作业人员实行健康监护和劳动防护。

Objective To explore the radio-frequency radiation intensity at high-voltage operation sites in power transmission and transformation stations and its health impacts on exposed operators. Methods The electromagnetic field and microwave intensity values were measured at operation sites,and the health impacts were evaluated by physical examinations and electrocardiograms(ECG) conducted in 476 operators and 196 co-workers with lower exposure, as well as 178 controls. Results The radio-frequency radiation intensity for current use measured at some operation sites exceeded the national threshold limit values,however,the microwave intensity measured was below the limit at all operation sites. The health impacts were indicated on exposed operators by the higher incidence of abnormal EGG in exposed groups,particularly in those operating more than 10 years. Conclusion The low-dose radio-frequency radiation intensity encountered during high-voltage operations may cause abnormal cardiac functions in exposed operators, indicating the necessity of conducting health surveillence on operators and protecting operators from the radion-frequency radiation sources at operation sites.