北京市大气PM_(2.5)中矿物成分的污染特征

Characteristics of Mineral Component in Ambient PM_(2.5) in Beijing

为了解北京市大气细粒子中矿物成分的浓度水平和污染特征 ,在清华园和车公庄进行了连续 1a的PM2 5累积周采样和全样品分析 .Al、Si、Ca、Mg和Fe等地壳元素的周变化相似 ,最大周均浓度均出现在春季有强沙尘天气的一周 ;其季节变化显著 ,显示季节性的源排放以及气象条件对矿物成分的含量影响显著 .土壤尘的季节平均浓度从夏季逐步上升 ,至次年春季达到最高 (2 1 1 μg·m-3 ) ,表明春季频繁发生的沙尘天气对土壤尘细粒子有重要贡献 .大量的建筑活动可能大大增加了北京细粒子中Ca的负荷 。

To understand the concentration levels and temporal variations of the mineral component of PM 2 5 in the ambient air of Beijing, weeklong samples were simultaneously collected for one year at Qinghuayuan and Chegongzhuang. The concentrations of five major crustal elements Al, Si, Ca, Mg, and Fe exhibited similar significant weekly variations, with their maximum values in the week of a serious dust event in the spring of 2000. Obvious seasonal pattern was also found for these elements, indicating different influences on fine mineral particles from the source emissions and meteorology in different seasons. Soil dust concentration increased from a low level in summer to the peak value (21 1 μg·m -3 ) in spring, suggesting that frequent dust events made a significant contribution to fine soil dust. A large number of construction activities in Beijing substantially increased the loading of fine calcium bearing particles, and their emissions thus need to be further controlled.