川东南杂交中稻超稀栽培对稻米整精米率和垩白粒率的影响

EFFECT OF SUPER SPARSE CULTIVATION ON HEAD MILLED RICE PERCENTAGE AND CHALKINESS IN HYBRID RICE VARIETIES IN THE EASTERN AND SOUTHERN DISTRICTS OF SICHUAN PROVINCE

以‘II优 7号’、‘汕优 6 3’和‘香优 2号’为材料 ,研究了超稀栽培与稻米整精米率和垩白粒率的关系及其作用原因 ,结果表明 :栽秧密度与整精米率呈极显著负相关 ,与垩白粒率呈极显著正相关。在中高氮施肥水平条件下 ,当栽秧密度超稀到 7.5 1万穴·hm-2 时 ,在保证比传统高产栽培密度每公顷栽秧 2 1.6 4万穴的对照不减产前提下 ,整精米率提高了 15 .6 9%～ 2 9.92 % ,垩白粒率降低了 16 .34%～ 2 1.2 2 %。其原因在于 ,超稀植增加了每穗着粒数 ,降低了齐穗期的叶粒比 ,以致稻穗籽粒灌浆速率减慢而改善整精米率和垩白粒率。齐穗后 2 0d施氮可同时起到提高结实率和整精米率的双重效果。

In the eastern and southern districts of Sichuan Province, grain yields of hybrid midseason-rice varieties have been increased, but its grain quality remains very poor. In particular, the head rice percentage is low and chalkiness is high due to high air temperatures that occur 0 to 20 days after full heading. Although many studies have examined the effects of cultivation factors on grain quality, few improvements in grain quality have been made in these special districts. This paper explores the effect of super sparse cultivation on head rice recovery and chalkiness in hybrid rice varieties and provides a theoretical and practical basis for the cultivation of high quality rice. The experimental design consisted of three hybrid rice varieties (‘II you 7’,‘Shanyou 63’ and ‘Xiangyou 2’) planted at six different densities, where the hill was removed at full heading and N applied on different days after full heading in a randomized block design with 3～4 replications. Using analysis of variance and correlation analysis, the results indicated that there were highly significant negative correlations between planting density and the percentage of head milled rice and highly significantly positive correlations between plant seedling density and the chalky percent. When super sparse cultivation was at 7.51×10 4 hill·hm -2 with 150-210 kg N·hm -2 , the grain yield was equal to CK (21.64×10 4 hill per hm 2 with 150 kg N·hm -2 ), but the percentage of head milled rice increased by 15.69% to 22.92%, and the chalky percent decreased by 16.34% to 21.22%. The increase in grain quality in super sparse cultivation was due to an increase in the number of spikelets per panicle, a decrease in the weight of leaf per grain at full heading, and reduced grain filling rate; hence, the percentage of head milled rice and chalkiness were improved. Additionally, the seed setting rate and the percentage of head milled rice in super sparse cultivation were increased by applying N 20 days after full heading.