孔子与《易传》相关问题覆议

New research on the issues related to Yi Zhuan and Confucius

孔子赞《易》，作《十翼》，自《史》《汉》以来，学者习承其说。下逮北宋，始有疑其说之不足恃者；嗣后绍述，代不乏人。民初疑古学风盛兴，疑者益众；然笃信旧说者亦未灭迹。近年大陆地下考古发掘出土文物，其盛迈逾前代，尤如马王堆帛本《易》经、传之面世，于传世文献外增加不少可供参考之资料，引起海内外《易》学研究者的热烈讨论。然而对于孔门传《易》此一近千年以来争讼不休的论题，事实上并未因出土文献而得以论定。近年海峡两岸学者论及此题，即有据新出土文物以坚旧说者；亦有因之而作其他推论以修正新说者。本文即就此一问题，综合传世文献与新出资料重作检讨，提出个人浅见，虽不足以尽释群疑，然于若干相关问题，庶或可得相当的厘清。

Confucius wrote ten articles entitled Yi Zhuan to interpret I Ching. Since it was recorded in the the of History of and before the Middle Western Han Dynasty written by SIMA Qian and the Book of History of the Han Dynasty, scholars had trusted and pass on this tradition. In the Northern Song Dynasty, some scholars ac to doubt the reliability Of this story. Since then some scholars have also doubted the authorship of Yi Zhuan. In the early years of the Republic, the doubt about the ancient story prevailed, but there were still those who believed in the old story. During the past 20 to 30 years, archaeological studies have succored in unearthing ancient cultural objects and documents in China's Mainland. I Ching copied on silk and Yi Zhuan copied on silk were discovered in Ma-wang-dui tomb in Hunan Province. They bequeathed in the past and inspired discussions by global scholars who study I Ching. In fact, the scholars have not reached an agreement on the issue of the ten articles of Yi Zhuan and Confucius because of the newly found documents. Basing on the newly found cultural objects and documents, some scholars supported the old story; on the contrary, others verified the doubts according to the same documents. The author carefully reviewed the documents and objects and presented his personal interpretation and comments. These assertions are surely of positive value for reference, although they could not explain all the related questions.