国有经济制度创新的几个理论与实践问题研究

On a few Theoretic and Empirical Problems about Institutional Change of State-Owned Economy

在吸收现有各种研究成果的基础上,对我国国有经济制度创新的几个重大理论和实践问题的研究可以得出以下结论:(1)我国国有企业改革的目标并不是简单地照搬英美的公司制度,而是要结合中国国情,经过制度创新,建立具有社会主义内涵的现代企业制度。(2)"产权明晰"并不等于私有化,"私有产权效率论"不仅在理论上有致命的逻辑缺陷,而且与世界范围内的改革实践不相符。股份制作为公有制的主要实现形式,具有很强的理论合理性和与市场经济兼容的实践可行性。(3)我国国有企业并非一种天然低效率的制度安排,其大量存在不仅有社会政治基础,而且有很好的经济效率基础,新古典的效率标准难以真正把握国有企业的效率本质。(4)国有经济战略性调整并不意味着国有经济应当全面退出竞争性领域,国有经济在中小企业中也有存在的合理基础,国有经济的产业定位在本质上是企业自主决策和市场选择的产物,政府不宜人为地设定标准。(5)导致对现有国有资产管理体制改革进行错误解读的根本原因在于,很多人在理论上没有真正把握国有资本作为资本的本性,在法权上错误地理解了国有资本的最终归属。因此,国有经济需要制度与理论的同时创新。

This paper has studied a few theoretic and empirical problems about institutional change of Chinese stated economy, and reached following conclusion: 1) The aim of Chinese state-owned enterprise reform is not to simply copy European or American modern enterprise institutions. On the contrary, it is to build up socialist modern enterprises system with Chinese characteristics. 2) The definition of property rights is not equal to privatization, the view that private right is effective not only has logical defect but also is not identical with experiences in the world, it is reasonable for stock company as the realization of stated ownership. 3) Chinese state-owned enterprises are not predestined to be effective, their existence not only has political basis, but also has economic basis. It is very difficult for the standard of neo-classical economics to grasp the state-owned enterprises' essence on effectiveness. 4) The strategic adjustment of state-owned economy does not mean that state-owned economy has to withdraw from competitive industries, the existence of middle and small sized state-owned enterprises has reasonable foundation, which industry state-owned enterprises should enter into is determined by market, not the government. 5) The reasons why state-owned-economy reform is misunderstood are that many people cannot grasp the theoretic essence of state-owned capital, as for the issue of state-owned economy, we need both institutional and theoretic innovation.