黄河和小清河主要污染物入海量的估算

Assessment of main pollution matter volume into the sea from Yellow River and Xiaoqing River

黄河和小清河入海径流量从 1 998～ 2 0 0 2年间呈下降趋势。黄河入海径流量 1 998年为1 0 7 34亿m3,2 0 0 2年下降到 4 1 5 7亿m3;小清河入海径流量从 1 998年的 4亿m3余下降到 2 0 0 2年的 1亿m3余。黄河平均年CODmn、氨氮、硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐及挥发酚入海总量为 4 432 2t,最高年份达到 6 7336t ,其中CODmn和硝酸盐的入海量起主导作用 ,约占年平均总量的 93 8%。小清河平均年CODmn、氨氮、硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐及挥发酚入海总量为 1 70 1 7t,最高年份达到 2 4 31 4t,其中CODmn和氨氮的入海量起主导作用 ,约占年平均总量的 98 8%。黄河与小清河比较 ,黄河年平均CODmn、氨氮、硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐及挥发酚入海量是小清河的 1 83倍 ,而径流量是小清河的 2 1 4 8倍。可看出小清河径流中CODmn、氨氮、硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐及挥发酚的浓度要比黄河高 1 0多倍。

The runoff volume of the Yellow River and the Xiaoqing River were tending to decrease from 1998 to 2002. The runoff volumes of the Yellow River were respectively 107.34×10 8 m 3 in 1998 and 41.57×10 8 m 3 in 2002. The runoff volume of the Xiaoqing River was decreasing from about 4×10 8 m 3 in 1998 to about 1×10 8m 3 in 2002. The total volumes of pollution matter (COD_ mn, NH_ 4-N, NO_ 2-N, NO_ 3-N, Phenol) of the Yellow River at mean annual into the sea was 44 322 t, maxmum 67 336 t, and the volumes of COD_ mn and NO_ 3-N which account for about 93.8% were a leading factor. The total volumes of pollution matter (COD_ mn, NH_ 4-N, NO_ 2-N, NO_ 3-N, Phenol) of the Xiaoqing River at mean annual into the sea was 17 017 t, maxmum 24 314 t, and the volumes of COD_ mn and NH_ 4-N which account for about 93.8% were a leading factor. Compared with the Xiaoqing River, the total volumes of pollution matter of the Yellow River at mean annual into the sea was 1.83 times of the Xiaoqing River, and the runoff volume at mean annual was 21.48 times of the Xiaoqing River. This shows the concen-tration of pollution matter from the Xiaoqing River was over 10 times higher than that from the Yellow River.