中国教育回报率估计及其城乡差异分析——以浙江、广东、湖南、安徽等省的调查数据为基础

An Analysis of the Differential of the Rates of Return to Schooling Between Urban and Rural Labor in China——Evidence From the Survey in Zhejiang,Guangdong,Hunan and Anhui

本文从收入不平等现象出发,认为教育回报率之间的差异也是造成目前收入分配差距扩大的一个重要原因。我们在Mincer(1958,1974)工资方程的基础之上,利用最近的抽样调查数据估计了我国的教育回报率,并对城乡进行了对比研究,发现总体上来说我国教育回报率近年来有所提高,但还不是很高;特别是城乡之间的教育回报率存在着较大的差距。本文认为,必须加大对农村的教育投入,从根本上改善农村的教育质量,普及真正的义务教育,才有可能减缓目前城乡收入分配过分拉大甚至极化的趋势,才能从根本上保障经济的可持续发展。

In terms of the fact of uneven income distribution, this paper argues the differentials in the rates of return to schooling between the urban and the rural play an important role in enlarging the gap of income distribution. Using the latest survey data set, we estimate the rates of return to schooling on the base of the basic Mincer-Type and compare earning function for urban and rural labor, respectively. We found that on the whole the rates of return to schooling in China are increasing, but they are still low. We also find there is a great gap between urban and rural labor's return to schooling. This paper suggests more inputs to rural education, improving rural education quality radically and universalizing compulsory education are necessary to reduce the trend of polarization in income distribution and ensure sustainable economic growth.