江滩地区畜主健康教育与耕牛管理控制阳性钉螺的研究

EFFECT OF SNAIL CONTROL WITH HEALTH EDUCATION AND CATTLE SUPERV ISING IN MARSHLAND

目的 研究畜主健康教育 (健教 )、耕牛管理组合措施控制江滩地区阳性钉螺的作用。方法 采用现场调查与个案调查相结合的方法 ,对南京市栖霞区八卦洲七里村进行江滩螺情、耕牛病情、防治费用、畜主养牛情况与血防知识、信念、行为 (简称 KAP)调查 ,比较对策实施前后畜主 KAP的变化 ,耕牛感染率、钉螺感染率、阳性钉螺面积与密度的下降情况。结果 2年中试区内共有 2 9户居民养殖耕牛 ,其中单纯饲养耕牛的仅占 17.2 4 % ,饲养菜牛的达 5 8.6 2 % ;养牛畜主的年龄大、文化低 ,5 0岁以上畜主占 6 8.73% ,小学以下文化的占 6 5 .5 2 %。实施健教后畜主的 K、A、P平均分值分别由 (6 5 .2 1± 9.87)分、(71.2 3± 8.5 6 )分、(5 8.4 7± 9.98)分增高到 (87.4 5± 5 .38)分、(90 .2 6±3.4 5 )分、 (89.6 7± 3.75 )分 ;血防知识知晓率和血防行为正确率由 6 0 .0 0 %、 5 5 .0 0 %提高到89.6 6 %、86 .2 1% ,均显著高于健教前 (t1 =10 .17,t2 =10 .81,t3=15 .39,P<0 .0 1;χ1 2 =5 .86 ,χ2 2 =5 .79,P<0 .0 5 )。实施对策 2年后试区内耕牛阳性率、EPG几何均值、钉螺感染率、阳性钉螺面积和阳性钉螺密度由 32 .4 3%、2 1.5 4只 /g、2 .4 2 %、2 92 0 0 m2、0 .30只 /0 .1m2下降到 3.6 4 %、 0 .5 2只 /g、0 .

Objective To evaluate the eff ec t of infected snail control with the intervention of health education and cattle supervising in marshland. Methods The snail st atus, morbidity of cattle, cost of schistosomiasis control and status of cattle owners including their knowledge, attitude and practice of schistosomiasis contr ol were investigated in marshland of Baguazhou, Qixia District, Nanjing City. Al l the results before and after the intervention were compared. R esults There were 29 families who owned cattle. Among them, 17. 24% of families owned the farm cattle, 58.62% the beef cattle. Most of cattle ow ners (68.73%) were over 50 years old. The education levels of the most cattle o w ners (65.52%) were below primary school. After the health education, the scores of knowledge, attitude and practice of schistosomiasis control increased from (6 5.21±9.87), (71.23±8.56) and (58.47±9.98) to (87.45±5.38), (90.26± 3.45) and (89.67±3.75) respectively. The awareness rate among the target people increa se d from the baseline of 60.00% before the intervention to 89.66%, and the healt h behavior from 55.00% to 86.21% (t 1=10.17, t 2=10.81, t 3 =15 .39, P<0.01; χ 12=5.86, χ 22=5.79,[WT5”B X]P[ WT5”BZ]<0.05). Two years after the intervention, the morbidity of cattle , geometry mean of eggs per gram (EPG), infection rate of snails, area of infecte d snails and density of infected snails were from 32.43%, 21.54/g, 2.42%, 29 200 m2 and 0.30/0.1 m2 to 3.64%, 0.52/g, 0.40%, 480 0 m 2 and 0.05/0.1 m2, and the decline rates were 88.79%, 97.59%, 83.47%, 83 .56% and 83.33%。The cost of this intervention was much cheaper than that of mollusc i cidal intervention (1∶4.08). Conclusion The in t ervention, health education and cattle supervising, is an economic and effective control measure in the schistosomiasis endemic areas where the main source of i nfection is the cattle. [