异丙酚镇静麻醉胃镜检查并发症的预防和治疗

Prevention and treatment of complications of propoful sedation and anesthesia during gastroscopy

目的 探讨异丙酚镇静麻醉胃镜检查并发症的预防和治疗。方法对1358例患者应用单纯异丙酚静脉麻醉后进行胃镜检查,并观察和治疗出现的并发症。结果 静注异丙酚后全组血压、心率、呼吸频率均有不同程度的下降,绝大多数的下降在正常范围内,不须处理。有2例(0.15％)发生低血压,经静注麻黄碱后血压回升;3例(0.22％)发生心动过缓,经静注阿托品后心率恢复正常;318例(23.42％)出现咳嗽,经增加首剂用药量和避免胃镜碰撞会厌软骨和喉头后咳嗽病例明显减少;16例(1.18％)发生严重呛咳伴血氧饱和度降低,经抽吸咽喉分泌物、抬高下颌和加大氧流量后,呛咳明显减轻,血氧饱和度恢复正常;吹干胃镜、插镜经过会厌部时禁止打气打水、检查前咽部禁止用药能有效地预防呛咳;46例(3.39％)诉注射部位疼痛,选择较粗的静脉注射和减慢注药速度可减轻疼痛;43例(3.17％)出现恶心,2例(0.15％)发生膈肌痉挛,轻柔的操作和增加首剂用药量可减轻这些副反应;39例(2.87％)检查后出现眩晕,卧床和延迟唤醒患者可防治此并发症。结论异丙酚镇静麻醉胃镜检查是一种安全有效的检查方法,科学的防治措施是成功检查和减少并发症的关键。

Objective To alleviate or prevent the complication of propoful sedation and anesthesia during gastroscopy. Methods One thousand three hundred and fifty eight patients were undergone gastrosco-py under propoful sedation and anesthesia. Results Although some patients with intravenous use of propofol their blood pressure, heart and respiratory rate decreased in different extents, but others remained in normal range. During the operation, two cases(0. 15% )had hypotension which could be corrected after intravenous use of ephetonin; three cases (0. 22% ) had bradycardia that was restored after intravenous use of atropine; three hundred and eighteen cases (23. 42% )had cough which could be prevented by increasing the first dose of propofol and avoiding the pharyngeal simulation derived from operation; sixteen cases( 1. 18% )had serious chock accompanied with decreasing of blood oxygen saturation which could be alleviated by aspirating the guttural secretion, driving up the patients mandible and increasing oxygen inhalation, keeping the gastroscope dry and avoiding pumping water or air as passing through epiglottis are the effective methods in preventing chock. Forty six cases (3. 39% ) complained of pain in the injection site which could be alleviated by choosing a major vein and injecting drug slowly; forty three cases(3. 17% ) had nausea and two cases(0. 15% ) had phreno muscular spasm which could be alleviated or prevented by skilled manipulation; thirty nine cases (2. 87% )had vertigo after regaining consciousness, keeping in bed or deferring to wake the patient up are very effective in preventing and alleviating this symptom. Conclusion Although gastroscopy under propoful' s sedation and anesthesia is safe and effective, logical precautions are the keys to attain success and lessen complications.