不同肥力土壤下施氮量对小麦子粒产量和品质的影响

Effects of nitrogen rates on grain yield and quality of wheat in different soil fertility

在高、低两种肥力土壤下,研究了施氮量对小麦子粒产量和综合品质性状的影响。结果表明,在高肥力土壤施氮量对产量的影响呈二次曲线关系,获得小麦高产的适宜施氮量J17为193 0kg/hm2,L21为211 4kg/hm2;在低肥力土壤上,随施氮量的提高子粒产量增加,但施氮量超过300kg/hm2时增产效应下降。施氮能够显著提高小麦子粒的蛋白质、湿面筋含量和沉降值,改变子粒蛋白质和淀粉各组分所占的比例,提高面团吸水率、稳定时间、形成时间和评价值等品质指标,以及有利于小麦粉RVA谱特征值的提高,而且高肥力土壤的效果优于低肥力土壤。表明在高肥力土壤下有利于强筋小麦品质性状的提高。

Effects of nitrogen rates on grain yield and quality of wheat in different soil fertility were studied. The results showed that it was a quadratic regression equation between nitrogen rate and grain under high fertility soil, and the suitable rate was 193.0 and 211.4kg/hm^2 for high yield of Jinan17(J17) and Lumai21(L21), respectively. The yield (increased) with the N rate, but efficiency decreased when the rate was over N 300kg/hm^2 in low fertility soil. Application of nitrogen could increase protein of grain, wet gluten, sedimentation volume, improve the proportion of protein and starch component, water absorption of dough, prolong dough development, stability time and valorimeter value and (increase) of RVA profile of wheat flour. The effects above indices were high in high fertility than that in low fertility soil, and (indicated) that the high fertility soil was propitious to improve quality of strong gluten wheat.