温度敏感型雄性不育水稻的鉴定

Identification of the Temperature Sensitive Male-sterile Rice

在人工控制条件下应用两因子完全随机区组设计研究了籼型5460不育系对温度与光照的反应。结果表明参试的5个对照品种(系)的育性在所有处理中都表现正常,而5460不育系在日最高/最低温度为27/22℃、平均为23.5℃时,不论光照时间为12.0h、13.5h 还是15.0h/日,其花粉育性与套袋自交结实率都基本正常,在33/28℃,平均为29.5℃时,不论光照如何,大部分植株表现为完全不育或高度不育。套袋自交结实率的方差分析表明,光照长度引起育性变化的差异不显著,不同温度间的差异极显著,光温互作效应也达到显著水平。试验表明5460不育系是“温度敏感型”的雄性不育系。这一结论与1987年福州地区的气象资料和5460不育系在当时当地的实际育性变化相符合。讨论了温度敏感型雄性不育水稻对理论研究和育种实践的价值。

The response to temperature and photoperiod conditions of the 5460 male-sterile line (Subsp.indica),which was claimed to be a photo period sensitive male-sterile line before, was investigated with two-way completely random design in growth chambers.The fertility of the five control cultivars (lines) were normal at all the six treatments,and the pollen fertility and the self-fertility within paper bags of 5460s were normal only at the daily max.and min. temperature 27/22℃ (weighted meanwas23.5℃) condition regardless of the pbotoperiods tested (12.0 h, 13.5 h or 15.0 h),but unnormal at the 33/28℃ (29.5℃) condition regardless of the photoperiods,it meant that most of the 5460s plants were sterile completely or in a great degree.Analysis of variance of self fertility,of the 5460s showed that difference caused by photoperiod was not significant,while that caused by temperature was very significant (P～0), the interaction between temperature and photoperiod also influenced the fertility significantly (P=1.05%).The results indicated that 5460s would not be a photoperiod sensitive male-sterile line but a“temperature sensitive”one.The actual fertility change of 5460s in Fuzhou in the summer,1987 and the local climatological data at the same duration were analyzed.It was found that the behaviour of 5460s at the natural condition accorded with the conclusion resulted from experiments under artificial-controlled conditions.The potential value of the temperature sensitive male-sterile rice to theoratical research and breeding practice was discussed.