增龄骨骼肌的机能特征及运动的其影响(综述)

Some Characteristics of Aging Skeletal Muscles and Effects of Exercise on them(A Summary)

骨骼肌在增龄或衰老时结构与生理机能发生一系列的变化。增龄骨骼肌的主要特征表现为肌肉萎缩、运动单位重建、绝对力量与单位面积的肌力下降 ,同时肌肉的最大输出功率与持续输出功率也下降。增龄骨骼肌与年轻骨骼肌相比更容易收缩时发生损伤且恢复较慢。同时某些运动可对增龄骨骼肌的结构与机能的变化施加一定的影响。

With the developing of aging or senility a series of change occurs in the structure and physical functions of skeletal muscles. The main features of aging muscles include muscle atrophy, motor unit remodeling, declining of absolute force and muscle strength per unit area. At the same time, the maximum power output and sustained power output decrease also. During muscle contraction, the injury of aging skeletal muscles occurs easier and recovers slower than that of the young skeletal muscles. Furthermore, some exercises are able to affect the structure and physical functions of aging muscles to a certain extent.