商法的价值、功能及其定位──兼与史际春、陈岳琴商榷

The Value Function of Commercial Law and It's Position

在封建自然经济解体之前，商法只能以习惯法、商人自治法的形式存在。商人习惯法上升为国家制定法的内在因素，在于商品经济社会的建立和发展。商法是适应调整商事关系的需要而存在的，也是适应调整商事关系的发展而不断更新和完善的。商法的功能在于，对民法个别规定的补充、变更以及创设商法理念的新制度，并以独特的营利调节机制保护商事主体的合法权益。商法是民法的特别法；商法与经济法有着完全不同的理念和价值取向。商事主体和商行为是商法的基本范畴和商事法律体系的核心内容。

Commercial law existed in the form of rule of custom or autonomy before disorganization of feudal natural economy. Foundation and development of merchandise economy society is intrinsic factor which makes rule of custom of merchant become national law. Commercial law exists in order to adapt need of regulating commereial relations. The function of commercial law is to prescribe exceptional provisions differ from civil law and to create new rules, and to protect rights and interests of merchant with regulation mechanism of profit. Commercial law is a special law towards civil law. There is different idea and value between commercial law and economy law. Both merchant and commercial act are the basic categories of commercial law and key contents of commercial law system.