企业智力资本评价模型和实证研究

Measuring Intellectual Capital: a New Model and Empirical Study

20世纪70年代以来,全球经济增长方式发生了根本的变化。智力资本,尤其是其评价引起了学术界和企业界很大的关注。本文目的是设计一套智力资本评价模型和指标体系,为企业管理智力资本提供工具。研究者在国外有关智力资本评价模型理论评述的基础上,提出将智力资本分为人力资本、结构资本、创新资本和客户资本,设计出相应的评价智力资本的定性指标体系并进行了实证研究。实证研究发现,以该评价体系得出的企业智力资本各因素评分值与企业业绩有显著的相关关系,从而证明了该指标体系的有效性和合理性。同时,研究发现智力资本各因素之间存在强相关,企业必须从整体的角度来管理和提升智力资本的各个因素。

The pattern of global economic growth has fundamentally changed since the 1970s with the rapid development of high technology. Intellectual capital (IC) thereupon has taken the place of monetary cap-ital, land, and material capital as the most important capital, especially in the competitive high-tech realm. As the groundwork of IC management, measuring IC attracts much attention from academics and practitioners. The purpose of this paper is to design a measurement model and a qualitative index system of IC so as to provide a good tool for enterprises to manage their IC.Based on a review of several IC measurement models proposed by western researchers,this classifies IC into human capital, structural capital, innovation capital and customer capital, and thereupon a qualitative index system for the above four IC elements is designed through an analysis of their contents. Through an empirical study, it is found that there is a significant relationship between the scores of the four IC elements of a company and its business performance, which proves the validity and rationality of the IC measurement model and the qualitative index system. In the meantime, the empirical study further proves that there is a remarkable relationship between the four IC elements.Therefore enterprises must manage and improve their IC from an integrative perspective.