水资源利用与保护的途径——流域管理

Approach for water resource utilization and protection-watershed management

为了促进水资源的利用与保护 ,美国率先提出了流域管理 ,目前是水资源管理的主要模式 ,在世界上得到了广泛应用。在描述流域管理的萌芽、发展历程、目标、基本思想的基础上 ,介绍了国内外先进的技术手段和国外流域管理的成功典范———美国流域保护规划和澳大利亚全流域管理方法。我国水资源质量现状表明 ,我国目前水资源缺乏有效管理 ,流域管理尚未贯彻到水资源管理的全过程中 ,存在较多问题。为了完善流域管理 ,加强非点源污染管理、流域评价、土地利用规划和完善相关法律是当前的主要任务。只有从我国流域管理现状出发 ,把流域管理作为水资源利用与保护的主要途径 ,才能做到水资源的可持续发展。

In order to promote water resource utilization and protection,the Amcrican scientists put forward watershed management firstly.Nowadays it has become the major management model for water resource management and been applied widely in the world.Based on the description of the origin,development,goal and essential idea of watershed management,some successful examples of foreign watershed management were recommended,such as American Watershed Protection Programming and Total Catchment Management in Australia.The status of water resource quality in our country indicates the lack of management and watershed management has not been carried through the whole process of water resource management.Strengthening non-point source pollution management,assessing watershed ecological environment,program land use and intensifying the relative laws play important roles,at sustainable utilization of water resource.