不结球白菜抗病育种的研究——Ⅳ.矮抗二号和矮抗三号新品种的选育

STUDIES ON BREEDING FOR DISEASE RESISTANCE IN NON-HEADING CHINESE CABBAGE Ⅳ.BREEDING OF TWO NEW VARIETIES DWARF RESISTANT NO.2 AND DWARF RESISTANT NO.3

1984～1989年在对不结球白菜种质资源抗芜菁花叶病毒(TuMV)鉴定的基础上,利用杂种优势育种技术,以抗病矮脚黄雄性不育两用系为母本、抗病矮脚黄和雪克青自交系为父本,选育出综合性状优良的矮抗二号和矮抗三号新品种。其特点:(1)丰产:生产试验平均产量分别达52.4和56.6t/hm^2,比对照矮脚黄分别增产29.9%和40.2%;(2)抗病:两品种 TuMV 和霜霉病人工鉴定病情指数比对照分别降低79.5%、98.7%和69.8%、88.0%;(3)优质:矮抗二号叶片重/叶柄重比对照提高17.0%,矮抗三号略低于对照,但其 V^c 灰分、叶片和叶柄中可溶性固形物含量等主要营养成份均高于对照,且纤维素含量低;(4)商品性好:矮抗二号叶柄短且宽,色白。矮抗三号叶柄短且宽,色绿白,分别符合全国大部分喜食白梗菜和青梗菜两大类型地区的消费习惯。

Two new varieties Dwarf Resistant No.2 and Dwarf Resistant No.3 of Brassica campestrisssp.chinensis Makino were bred during 1984～1989.The characteristics of the new varieties were asfollows.(1) High yield:the average yields were 52.4t/hm^2 and 56.6t/hm^2 respectively,29.9% and 40.2%higher than the check cultivar Aijiaohuang.(2) Disease resistance:values of disease index under artificialconditions for TuMV and downy mildew were 19.8,1.3 and 13.6,5.4 respectively.(3) Good quality:values of blade-weight/petiole weight were 0.55 and 0.45 respectively.Contents of vitamine C,ash andsoluble solid substances in leaves were higher than those of the check,while level of crude cellulose waslower than that of the check.(4) Good commercial appearance:Dwarf Resistant No.2 appeared withshort-wide-white petiole,large leaf.Dwarf Resistant No.3 showed lower plant,more leaves,short-wide- greenish petiole.The new varieties satisfy the consumption custom of regions for white-petiole andgreenish-petiole respectively,and both have been popularized in large scale.