美国国家公众交通规划基础数据调查及其数据库

Survey and Datasets of Nationwide Public Transportation Planning Basic Data in U.S.

研究了美国大规模开展城市交通规划工作近50年来,联邦层次交通数据调查和建库工作的历史发展以及有关经验,并探索其对中国相关工作的启示。从NPTS和NHTS数据库建立经验出发,从历史发展、建库目标、负责单位、资金来源等方面具体研究美国联邦层次公众交通规划基础数据库。在此基础上,通过整体评价美国经验以及对比国内交通调查的实践,认为成本与收益评估、资金、法律、开放性等因素对中美两国全国性的交通数据和建库工作都将有不同程度的影响,特别针对中国的有关工作给出了一些建议。

The primary task of this paper is to study on America's experience in transportation planning survey and associated dataset design since the large-scale urban transportation planning activities took place in 1950s and to explore its implications to China. Focusing on National Personal Transportation Survey (NPTS) and National Household Transportation Survey (NHTS), this paper would study on the historical evolution, goals of datasets, entity-in-charge, financial sources, etc. of the nationwide public basic transportation planning datasets in U.S. Following this, an overall evaluation of U.S.'s experience in nationwide public basic transportation planning datasets has been given and some comparison of related works between U.S. and China has been made. The author finds that cost-benefit assessment, finance, legislation, openness, etc. are all factors that will affect the nationwide transportation planning survey and associated dataset design. Finally, some specific recommendations to China have been offered.