1990年代上海市人口和就业变化的空间格局和国际对比

THE SPATIAL PATTERN OF DEMOGRAPHIC AND EMPLOYMENT CHANGES IN SHANGHAI IN THE 1990S AND ITS INTERNATIONAL COMPARISON

文章将上海市划分为核心区、内圈、外圈三个部分,对其1990年代人口和就业结构的变化及其空间差异进行了分析并与若干东南亚特大城市进行了对比。研究表明,与这些东南亚特大城市相类似,上海市1990年代人口和就业增长最快的是其内圈。但与上述东南亚特大城市不同的是,上海市就业结构的变化仍以核心区最为突出;核心区仍保持较强的发展势头。研究还表明,1990年代上海经历了前所未有的人口和产业从核心区向外围的扩散。但与上述东南亚特大城市相比,这种扩散的空间范围有限,其郊区化和产业结构向高级服务业转变的过程仍处于起始阶段。上述分析和对比对研究上海今后人口分布和就业结构的演变和空间规划有着重要启示。

Using a zonal approach dividing Shanghai into the core, the inner zone and the outer zone, this paper examines demographic and employment changes and their spatial differences in Shanghai in the 1990s, and compares them with those in some Southeast Asian mega-cities. The analysis shows that the inner zone is the fastest growing area in Shanghai in the 1990s, similar to the situation in the Southeast Asian mega-cities. However, the core in Shanghai experienced the greatest change in employment structure, and maintained strong growth dynamics, which was not the case in the Southeast Asian mega-cities. The analysis also shows that Shanghai experienced unprecedented expansion of its population and industries from the core to the periphery areas; however, compared to the Southeast Asian mega-cities, such expansion in Shanghai is still limited, and its suburbanisation process and the development of advanced service industries are still in the embryonic stage. These analyses have important implications for the study of changes in and spatial planning of Shanghai's population distribution and employment structure in the future.