深井超深井钻探工艺技术

Drilling technologies for deep wells and ultra-deep wells

深井、超深井的施工采用了许多现代高科技手段,包括VDS垂直钻井系统、顶部驱动钻机、铝合金钻杆、不起钻金刚石绳索取心、抗温能力超过250℃的深井钻井液等,并且在资料与信息的处理上大量应用了及时跟踪和电子模拟技术,使得各种数据的分析更加直观化,例如现代深井钻井施工已经彻底实现了利用计算机终端进行井下复杂情况的监控,钻井工程师可以根据电脑屏幕所提供的信息快速地决策井下复杂情况的处理方案,减少了决策所需时间,降低了问题的复杂程度,提高了处理效率。然而,随着井深的不断增加,各种问题出现的几率也成倍增大,如超高密度钻井液的使用技术、井身结构的合理确定、在施工条件下先进技术与工具的有效使用、长寿命钻头的制造、井身质量、钻进方式的选择、深部地层稳定方案的实施等都会影响钻进深度的进一步加大。本文根据国内外已完成深井、超深井的资料,对深井钻井、超深井钻井作业所遇到的技术问题进行了剖析,初步将超深井钻井技术问题的解决归纳为钻井液技术方案、机械技术方案、地层稳定技术方案、钻进工艺方案、取样工艺方案,并就解决的技术措施提出了建议。

Lots of advanced modern high technologies are applied in the drilling of deep and ultra deep wells, including the vertical drilling system (VDS), top drive drilling rig, aluminum drill pipe, and wire line coring without tripping, as well as the use of drilling fluid with temperature tolerance of over 250℃, etc. On data and information processing, large scale of real time tracing and electric simulation technologies are applied, making the analysis to various data more direct, e. g. , monitoring of downhole troubles by computer terminations has been realized in modern deep well drilling, and the drilling engineers can determine the treating plans according to the information supplied by the monitor rapidly, thus minimize the time and the difficult degree of downhole troubles and improve efficiency. However, with the increasing of well depth, the possibilities of various problems increase, such as the application of ultra-high density drilling fluid, the determination of a reasonable hole structure, the proper use of advanced technologies and tools in field condition, the manufacture of long life bit, the optimization of drilling methods and borehole quality, and wellbore stability in the deep formation, etc. Combined with the case histories of the deep wells and ultra deep well drilled in abroad, the drilling technology plans for solving the problems encoun tered during the drilling of deep and ultra-deep wells are concluded, i. e. , drilling fluid technology plan, machinery technology plan, formation stability technology plan, drilling technical plan, sampling technical plan, and some recommendations were also presented.