从聚落到村落:明清华北新兴村落的生长过程

From Settlement to Village:the growing process of new villages in Ming and Qing dynasty of East China

明清时期,华北平原的新兴村落呈现出一种由零星聚落到独立成村的发展过程。村落形成的初期,基本上是由一家一户构成,这些零星聚落多与移民活动有关;在村落发展的后期,则与村落人口向外移居而形成的"卫星聚落"有关。人口的自然增殖与流动,使得零星聚落规模不断扩大,当达到一定规模时,在地缘、血缘等因素影响下,最终独立成村。独立的标志是土地庙的建立。

This article focuses on new villages in Ming and Qing dynasty of East China, mainly analyzing the growing process of individual villages from scattered settlements to independent villages . The research shows that villages in initial period basically comprised one family. The early scattered villages are relevant to the immigration in general, and the 'satellite settlement' formed by emigration of village population in the latter period of the village development. The scale of scattered settlement was gradually enlarged with natural population increase and movement. When reaching a certain scale, the scattered settlement eventually became an independent village because of the influence of geography and consanguinity, and the symbol is tudi temple.