中国区域水资源可持续利用评价及类型划分

Evaluation of China's Regional Sustainable Utilization of Water Resources and Its Type Classification

基于可持续发展理念 ,分析了水资源可持续利用的特征 ,构建了评价水资源可持续利用的评价指标体系 ,从水资源现状、水资源利用效率、水资源可持续利用压力和水资源可持续利用能力 4个方面对水资源可持续利用状况进行综合评价 .按照此评价指标体系 ,采用定性和定量相结合的方法 ,对我国 31个省市自治区的水资源可持续利用状况进行评价 ,然后按照评价结果将其分为高发展组、较高发展组、中等发展组、较低发展组和低发展组 5个类型 .从空间分布上看 ,水资源可持续利用状况基本呈现从东南沿海向西北内陆逐渐递减的趋势 .从影响水资源可持续利用的因素看 ,除了水资源禀赋外 ,水资源利用效率低下成为制约水资源可持续利用的另一个重要因素 .从评价中还发现 ,水资源禀赋同水资源利用效率呈现一定的反相关关系 .

Based on the idea of sustainable development, this paper analyzes the characteristics of sustainable utilization of water resources and builds the sustainable utilization evaluation system of water resources in the aspect of the status of water resources, the efficiency of water resources utilization, the stress of water resources sustainable utilization and the capacity of water resources sustainable utilization. According to this evaluation system, the sustainable utilization of water resources in China's 31 provincial regions is evaluated and is classified as 5 types correspondingly, namely high, relative high, medium, relative low and low types. The situation of water sustainable development presents the general decrease trend from the northeast coastal area to northwest inland. Compared with water resources endowment, the low water utilization efficiency is becoming another restrict to water sustainable utilization. There is obvious inverse correlation between water resources endowment and its utilization efficiency.