美国广播管制中的公共利益标准

The Standard of Public Interest in Broadcasting Regulation in the USA

在美国广播管制史上 ,公共利益标准是左右广播业准入管制和公共政策形成过程的核心概念。事实上 ,公共利益标准是实行管制的授权标准 ,蕴涵着对政策决定过程中相互竞争的诸价值和利益的衡量 ,有相当的弹性和延展性 ;在司法和管制实践中 ,则要结合具体情境 ,将形式上的公共利益标准转化为具有实质内容的方案 ,实现对裁量权的导控。在我国许可制度改革、放松管制以及公用事业民营化实践的背景下 ,如何发展出可操作的许可标准和精巧的利益衡量技术 ,保障“公共利益”不因民营化进程而侵蚀和消解 。

In the history of America's broadcasting regulation, the standard of public interest is an essential concept which has influenced the regulation of broadcasting and the process of formulating public policies Actually, the standard of public interest is an authorizing standard, containing a weighing between various competing values and interests in formulating policies In practice, the formal standard should be converted to specific plans and exercise a real control over the discretion In China, we should deal seriously with the problem of how to set operable standards and refined interest-weighing art to protect public interest from being jeopardized by privatization process