中国Holdridge生命地带及其多样性的时空变化分析

Temporal and spatial changes pattern of Holdridge life zones and diversity in China

在分析目前生态地理模型及其实现方法基础上,提出基于ARC/INFO与VC++综合集成的先插值再运行生命地带模型的方法和技术路线,克服了以前模型实现过程中所存在的局限性.利用中国1962～2002年735个站点逐日温度与降水量观测数据,通过对Holdridge生命地带模型和生态多样性模型进行模拟运算后获得中国Holdridge生命地带时空分布序列图及生命地带多样性序列数值.对模拟运算,结果分析发现:生命地带类型变化随着气候条件的变化与土地覆被变化存在很好的对应关系,生命地带多样性与年均生物温度、年降水量均呈现出震荡波动的变化模式.另外对中国Holdridge生命地带的多样性、连通性及斑块形状等景观指数进行计算分析,讨论了生命地带多样性与生态环境稳定性之间的相关关系.

On the basis of analyzing ecogeographical models and studying those methods being realized at the present time, a new research method integrated by ARC/INFO and VC++ is put forward, which can overcome those limitations existed in the previous methods and techniques. In the operational process of our methods , before the Holdridge life zone model and ecological diversity model are simulated, the original data are interpolated and become grid data. Based on the daily surface air temperature and precipitation data observed at 735 stations in China from 1960 to 2002, and through runing these models with our available methods and techniques, we obtained the serial maps of temporal and spatial distribution of Holdridge life zones and the value of Holdridge life zone diversity in China. After finishing all simulations, we carried out a series of analyses with these results. First, according to the serial maps of temporal and spatial distribution of Holdridge life zones, we found changes in spatial distribution of Holdridge life zones correspond well with the changes of the climatic factors and land cover. Second, through comparing and analyzing Holdridge life zone diversity, annual mean biotemperature and annual mean precipitation in our research period of time, some rules and phenomena are archived in China: 1) The fluctuated changing pattern occurs in the Holudridge life diversity, biotemperature and precipitation. 2) While the fluctuated directions of precipitation and biotemperature are the same, the fluctuated direction of the Holdridge life diversity accords with them. However, 3) while the fluctuated directions of precipitation and biotemperature are reversed,more intensive fluctuated changing pattern would occur in the Holdridge life zone diversity and the fluctuated intensity and scope would increase with the enlargement of the reversed ratio. Furthermore, through analysing the Holdridge life zone diversity, shape index of patches and patch connectivity of the Holdridge life zone in China during the 1960s, 1970s, 1980s and 1990s, we attained the analytical results that the Holdridge life zone diversity, the number of patches and the number of patch types present a decreasing trend at ratios of 0.0692%, 1.7293% and 1.3515% in every ten years, respectively. Whereas the shape index of patches and the patch connectivity present an increasing trend at ratio of 0.2526% and 3.7928% in every ten years. Finally, we discuss the relationship between life zone diversity and eco-environmental stability according to the above results.