现代农业生产力计量的一种新思路

A New Theory on Accounting of Modern Agricultural Productivity

农业生产力的计量方法直接决定着人类对农业生态系统的价值评估,进而决定生产者对生产方式的选择。过去的一个世纪内,农业的功能与属性都已经发生了根本性的变化,尤其是其对自然资本的消耗和生态环境的影响已成为全球可持续发展的重要支配力量。然而当前沿用的农业生产力计量方法却反映不出这些变化了的特征和需要,以致于严重削弱了现时农业生产力也使损害了农业可持续发展能力的不当生产方式被肯定、支持和鼓励。本文梳理了农业生产属性演变和生产力计量方法发展的脉络,提出用农业生态系统生产力概念和方法体系来计量农业生产力的设想。

What is included in the concept of agricultural productivity and how to accounting it are very critical to the evaluation of an agroecosystem, which decides the fatal of a agricultural producing process. In the past 100 years, the attributes and the characteristics have been changed greatly, especially the direct cost has expended into natural capital, and the effects in the environment have come to an important factor which threat the global sustainable development. While the prevalent concepts and accounting methods have not included these new attributes, leading to an incomplete evaluation on agroecosystems, which encourages the impropriate producing processes decrease the actual productivity, and damage the sustainability. The prevalent concepts and accounting methods are summarized and sorted in this article and a new one is bring out, whose formulation is set up based on the concepts of emergy and exergy.