水力机械中冲蚀磨损规律及抗磨措施研究进展

The development of study on the abrasive rules and anti-abrasive technique of hydraulic machines

工作在固液两相流条件下的水力机械普遍存在破坏程度不一的冲蚀磨损作用 ,给工程实践和经济效益带来严重的阻碍和巨大的损失。本文主要介绍多年来相关研究人员致力于水力机械内冲蚀磨损规律及抗磨措施的研究进展 ,前者包括两相流流场中过流部件的冲蚀磨损规律试验研究、数值模拟和磨损预测 ;后者涉及水力机械机组的抗磨优化设计及抗磨材料和表面抗磨处理研究。作者结合自己的研究提出了水力机械冲蚀磨损的研究发展方向和前景预测。

There are widely abrasive invalidation effects which will lead to great economic lose and serious engineering problems of hydraulic machines worked in solid-liquid two-phase flow.The development of study on the abrasive rules and anti-abrasive technique of hydraulic machines is presented in this paper.The correlative studies on erosive wear rules in two-phase flow experiment conditiion,numerical simulation and numerical prediction on the two-phase flow abrasion,and optimization of anti-abrasive design of hydraulic machines and anti-abrasive materials are included in this paper.The relationship between experimental control parameters(velocity,distribution,size and impact angle of solid particles;geometrical structure of impeller)and the wear rate of hydraulic machines are concluded and defined.Different numerical simulation methods can predefine and evaluate abrasive wear of hydraulic machines in different extent and accuracy.It is important to improve anti-abrasive performance of primary materials applied in hydraulic machines to prolong the working-life time of machines.As compared with common metal materials,the composite materials,nonmetal coats and ceramic materials are equipped with better anti-abrasive performances.Based on the study,the development direction and the predication of erosive wear in hydraulic machines are also presented in this paper.