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The microstructure and formation of biological soil crusts in their early developmental stage 被引量:33

The microstructure and formation of biological soil crusts in their early developmental stage
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摘要 The biological soil crust serves as one of the biological factors contributing to the sand fixation in the Gurbantunggut Desert, the largest fixed and semi-fixed de- sert in China. This study was conducted to investigate the microstructure and formation of biological soil crusts which develop as a result of occurrence of cryptogams. One year after removal of biological soil crusts, the exposed surface could be fixed by bacteria, which make sand particles cohere by exopolysaccharides. The exopolysaccharides were mainly composed of glucose, mannitol, arabinose and galactose. The intension of pressure for this kind of crust is 13.42±1.38 Pa. After four-year recovery of the exposed sandy surface, the biological soil crust resulting from the colonization of soil surface by communities of filamentous cyanobacteria were mainly dominated by Microcoleus, which occurred as a clus- ter of filaments surrounded by a gelatinous sheath. At this developmental stage, the main contributors for sand fixation were changed from bacteria to filamentous cyanobacteria. Microscopic examination of this kind of crust revealed an intricate network of filamentous cyanobacteria and ex- tracellular polymer secretions, which binds and entraps mineral particles and finer particles on the filament surface. These effects enhance soil cohesion and resistance to erosion. The intension of pressure for this kind of crust is 32.53±3.08 Pa. The biological soil crust serves as one of the biological factors contributing to the sand fixation in the Gurbantunggut Desert, the largest fixed and semi-fixed desert in China. This study was conducted to investigate the microstructure and formation of biological soil crusts which develop as a result of occurrence of cryptogams. One year after removal of biological soil crusts, the exposed surface could be fixed by bacteria, which make sand particles cohere by exopolysaccharides. The exopolysaccharides were mainly composed of glucose, mannitol, arabinose and galactose. The intension of pressure for this kind of crust is 13.42 +/- 1.38 Pa. After four-year recovery of the exposed sandy surface, the biological soil crust resulting from the colonization of soil surface by communities of filamentous cyanobacteria were mainly dominated by Microcoleus, which occurred as a cluster of filaments surrounded by a gelatinous sheath. At this developmental stage, the main contributors for sand fixation were changed from bacteria to filamentous cyanobacteria. Microscopic examination of this kind of crust revealed an intricate network of filamentous cyanobacteria and extracellular polymer secretions, which binds and entraps mineral particles and finer particles on the filament surface. These effects enhance soil cohesion and resistance to erosion. The intension of pressure for this kind of crust is 32.53 +/- 0.08 Pa.
作者 ZHANGYuanming
出处 《Chinese Science Bulletin》 SCIE EI CAS 2005年第2期117-121,共5页
基金 This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.90202019) Key Knowledge Innovation Project of the Chinese Acadermy of Sciences(Grant No.KZCX3-SW-343) the Research and Developmental Project for High Technique in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region(Grant No.200415113).
关键词 生物土壤结皮 显微结构 土壤黏结力 沙漠 形成条件 化学因素 物理因素 biological soil crust microstructure soil cohesion the Gurbantunggut Desert
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参考文献4

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二级参考文献4

  • 1G. Zulpa de Caire,M. Storni de Cano,M. C. Zaccaro de Mulé,R. M. Palma,K. Colombo.Exopolysaccharide of Nostoc muscorum (Cyanobacteria) in the aggregation of soil particles[J].Journal of Applied Phycology.1997(3)
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