青海湖流域主要生态环境问题及防治对策

Major ecological and environmental problems and countermeasures in the Qinghai Lake watershed, Qinghai

分析了青海湖流域主要生态环境问题:湖水水面下降,水质恶化;草地退化日趋严重,“草原三害”面积不断增大;土地沙漠化面积不断扩大,水土流失严重;珍稀濒危野生动物濒临灭绝;渔业资源濒临枯竭。在此基础上,提出了五项防治对策:(1)提高广大干部群众的生态意识;(2)将“社会-经济-自然复合生态系统”概念引入到流域的治理中;(3)加强国家级自然保护区的建设;(4)大力发展林-草间作,增加植被覆盖度;(5)尽快组建“青海湖流域生态环境监测管理中心”。

Due to the adverse nature conditions and irrational social and economic activities, the fragile eco-environment around Qinghai Lake watershed has been severely aggravated. The main problems are as follows: the continuous decrease of the lake water level and deterioration of water quality; the extension of the areas of grassland degradation and damage by venomous grass, mice and grasshoppers; the spread of land desertification and severe water and soil erosion; danger of extinction of some rare and endangered wild animals and fishery. In order to protect and improve the eco-environment and make it sustainable development within the watershed or beyond, the following five countermeasures should be taken into account: (1) to improve the whole society’s the ecological awareness in significance of Qinghai Lake; (2) to apply the concept of the “social-economy-nature compound ecosystem” into treatment of the watershed; (3) to strengthen the construction of national nature reserve; (4) to extensively develop the forest-grass inter-cropping system and increase vegetation coverage degree; (5) to construct “the management center for monitoring eco-environment of the Qinghai Lake watershed”as soon as possible.